Month: July 2012

Saturday, 21 July 2012

08:58 – Predictably, the anti-gun folks are out in force over the Aurora shooting. They never seem to notice the irrationality of their exhortations for greater restrictions on guns. There is simply no way to make firearms unavailable. With minimal effort, anyone can find someone who’ll sell him a gun. With at least hundreds of millions of firearms in this country, many of them unregistered, there’s simply no way to cut off the supply, short of instituting a true police state that none of us, presumably including the anti-gun folks, would want to live in. Ultimately, like any law, gun laws are obeyed only by the law-abiding. Someone who decides to go out and slaughter a bunch of people in a theater won’t be concerned that he’s violating gun laws by doing so.

If this were a rational society, we’d focus on implementing solutions that would prevent or minimize the effects of such outrages. And there is one such solution that’s known to work: encourage private citizens to carry concealed weapons. Eliminate any permit requirements or other restrictions. Someone who wants to carry a pistol should be free to do so. Anywhere, any time. Predators like the Aurora shooter depend on having unarmed and defenseless victims. That bastard might have reconsidered his plans if he knew it was likely that even half a dozen of his prospective victims might be armed and willing and able to fight back. But instead we have 70-some people shot and a dozen dead, none of whom apparently were armed.

Sure, the idea of a shootout in a crowded theater is horrifying. It’s quite possible that some of the armed defenders might have been shot, and that innocent bystanders might have been caught in the cross fire. But the point is that the body count would almost certainly have been much lower. And the real point is that that bastard would probably have never done what he did if he was aware that he wouldn’t have a collection of sitting ducks to shoot at.


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Friday, 20 July 2012

09:44 – Another mass shooting in Colorado, just down the road from where the Columbine shootings occurred in 1999. News reports differ, with some reporting 12 dead and others 14. All agree that there are many wounded. Apparently, no one in the theater audience was armed, or at least there are no reports of anyone in the audience returning fire. As is too often the case, the shooter was unharmed.


The sudden flurry in kit orders we experienced recently almost certainly resulted from a mention in MAKE Magazine. I couldn’t figure out why things had suddenly heated up, because now should be a dead time. People are on vacation, not thinking about buying homeschooling materials. So now we’re back to normal, with two or three kit orders some days and none or one other days. That’s the level I expected for this time of year. Orders should start coming in faster in August, particularly from mid-August onward through September and into October. Meanwhile, we’re building inventory.


12:15 – Periodically, I need to take a break from doing kit stuff. I don’t normally eat lunch, so I sometimes go back and stretch out on the bed to read or take a short nap. Other times, I’ll go watch/re-watch something on Netflix streaming that Barbara either doesn’t want to watch or doesn’t want to watch again.

Speaking of which, we should finish up series two of Lying Little Pretties tonight. That series is very highly rated, both on Netflix and IMDB, but don’t believe it. The cast is good, but the writing isn’t. In fact, it’s terrible. There are plot holes you could drive a truck through. Hell, a supertanker. At first, it seems that the main characters are simply stupid, but it goes further than that. Even stupid people don’t do the kinds of things the writers have their main characters doing. It’s kind of like those old horror movies where the woman who’s being stalked by an axe murderer (and knows it) hears a sound in the basement. So she goes to the basement door. The light switch doesn’t work. So she goes down the stairs into the dark basement. Even that woman wouldn’t be stupid enough to do the things the main characters do in this series.

For example, one of the characters is a high-school teacher who’s carrying on a sexual affair with one of the main characters, who’s a 15-year-old student when the affair begins. Okay, fine. It happens. A minor character, a friend of the teacher, even warns him at one point that he’s cruising for “a pink slip and an orange jumpsuit”. So, what do this teacher and his pretty little girlfriend decide to do? They sit down with her parents, who are also teachers, and tell them what they’re doing. Geez. And the teacher is one of the *smarter* characters in this series.

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Thursday, 19 July 2012

09:50 – The latest IMF report on the eurozone is out, and it makes truly scary reading for anyone who’s invested in the euro, financially or emotionally. Basically, the report concludes that the euro is doomed unless the eurozone takes certain specific actions. That’s a superfluous qualifier, because those actions–debt pooling, eurobonds, and so on–are steps that Germany and the rest of the northern tier are never going to take.

Germany is as aware as anyone that there is no solution to this crisis, short of Germany agreeing to pay everyone else’s debts. Not just current debts, either. Germany would be expected to continue funding deficit spending in the southern tier permanently. The probability of Germany, along with Finland and Holland, agreeing to such a “transfer union” are somewhere between zero and less than zero. So, the euro is going to crash. Or, more precisely, the southern tier is going to crash, whether they’re on the euro or revert to using local currencies.

One of two things is going to happen: either Germany will revert to the D-mark, or possibly to a new currency. Call it the Northern euro. In the latter case, Finland and Holland may join Germany in a currency union, and perhaps a political union. (Everyone is now painfully aware what happens when a currency union exists without a political union to support it. But the cultures and economies of those three countries are similar enough that a currency union might be workable for at least a couple of decades before stresses started to tear it apart.) The second option is that the debtor nations will depart the euro and return to sovereign currencies, leaving Germany, Finland, and Holland with perhaps Luxembourg and one or two other nations using the euro.

German politics is bi-polar about this. On the one hand, if Germany keeps the euro and other, profligate nations leave it, the debts they owe Germany will continue to be denominated in euros, which will remain a “hard” currency. Germany would hope to get at least some of those debts repaid, in hard euros. On the other hand, Germany has in effect co-signed for hundreds of billions of euros in loans to southern tier nations that have no prospect of ever being repaid by those nations. Germany will be on the hook to repay those loans, which of course are euro-denominated. That means that if Germany departs the euro, which would immediately crash to something like 5% to 10% of its former relative value, Germany would be able to buy cheap euros to pay off those debts.

Forget all that stuff about “war guilt” and “European solidarity”. The simple truth is that for Germany, as for everyone else, it ultimately comes down to money. Who will get stuck paying all these bills? Until now, it seems that Germany’s policies have been intended to force weak nations into leaving the euro. But it seems to me that things are shifting now, with the ever-increasing commitments that Germany finds itself tied to. At some point soon, one of two things is going to happen. A weak nation will abandon the euro, which will start the dominoes toppling. Or Germany will finally give up, and abandon the euro itself.

In fact, given that for all intents and purposes the euro is already a zombie currency, it’s possible that both things will happen. Germany will go back to its sovereign currency, and so will everyone else, leaving the euro as a currency without a country.


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Wednesday, 18 July 2012

08:16 – I finished the review of the QC2 pass of Illustrated Guide to Home Forensic Science Experiments and returned it to my editor. That means we’re finished with the book and it’ll be off to the printer soon.

That also means we need to get started building forensic kits. We just finished a batch of 30 chemistry kits and started another batch of 60. We have a new batch of 30 biology kits in progress, so I’ll slot in a batch of 30 forensics kits to follow the biology kits. Lots of balls in the air…


13:42 – I’ve spent the morning working on biology kits. We now have all the components and subassemblies for a new batch of 30 biology kits ready to go, needing only final assembly and packing.

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Tuesday, 17 July 2012

08:08 – Our editor sent us the QC2 galley proof yesterday, so I’ve been reading through it and making final corrections. I’ll probably finish that today, or maybe tomorrow. At that point, the book goes to the printer, and should be in the bookstores within a month or so.

Meanwhile, our stock of biology kits is starting to dwindle. We have enough to carry us for the next couple of weeks at the current sales rate, so I plan to get another 30 biology kits assembled and ready to ship over the coming week or so. We’re in reasonably good shape on chemistry kits, with a decent number in stock and another 60 kits a-building.


13:11 – As always, I’m enjoying going through the QC PDF. I really enjoy writing about and reading about forensic science. Also, as always, for some reason I’m surprised as I read to discover that this guy sounds like he really knows what he’s talking about.

And I think about stuff that for now remains in the realm of science fiction. For example, right now I’m reading the group of lab sessions on fingerprinting. I’m thinking about how often a questioned fingerprint is useless in the absence of a suspect because that print is not on file, and I think to myself that there’s no reason that we shouldn’t be able to reverse-engineer a fingerprint into the nuclear DNA fragment that caused that fingerprint to be expressed. Similarly, given a questioned nuclear DNA specimen for which no match is on file, there’s no reason we shouldn’t be able to use that DNA to construct the fingerprints of the person it belongs to. Every loop, every bifurcation and whirl, every pore, is programmed into that DNA. We just don’t know enough, yet, to reverse-engineer fingerprints to nDNA fragments or nDNA to fingerprint patterns. But I have no doubt that we’ll do it eventually. I’ve seen nothing in the literature about this idea, but it’d make an interesting project.

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Monday, 16 July 2012

08:02 – We’re in pretty good shape right now on chemistry kits and biology kits. Orders have slacked off a bit for now, so I’m going to spend some time in the lab making up solutions for the forensics kits. Before I do that, though, I need to wash up a bunch of stuff.

One of the advantages of having a lot of glassware and plasticware is that I don’t have to stop in the middle of doing something to wash stuff up. One of the disadvantages is that I don’t have to stop in the middle of doing something to wash stuff up. As it is, when I finish using a vessel, I just rinse it thoroughly and set it aside to drain. So, as of now, I’d guess that I have maybe 50 rinsed-but-not-washed beakers, mostly 500 mL and 1 L, about the same number of graduated cylinders (ranging from 100 mL to 2 L), maybe a dozen volumetric flasks, a couple of filtering flasks, a dozen or so Erlenmeyers, probably 50 each stirring rods and spatulas, and a partridge in a pear tree.


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Sunday, 15 July 2012

08:31 – We were running low on chemistry kits, so this weekend we’re doing final assembly on a batch of two dozen more, along with making up subassemblies for yet another five dozen. Barbara also made up a bunch of biology kit small parts bags, which is the last subassembly we needed to assemble another batch of biology kits.


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Saturday, 14 July 2012

09:32 – It’s the usual Saturday around here. I’m doing laundry and Barbara is doing household chores. Later, we’ll do kit stuff.

The chemistry kit Bill Grigg ordered on Thursday, 5 July arrived at his home yesterday. He wasn’t there to answer the door when the mailman showed up, so the kit is sitting at his local post office awaiting pickup. I’m very relieved that it made it there. I’ll be even more relieved once Bill picks it up and verifies that a grizzly bear didn’t step on it. Also, I have to admit that the Canada Post updates are making me a bit nervous. It sounds like they’re really anxious to have him pick it up. I hope they don’t send it back to me.

Shipment Activity Location Date & Time
——————————————————————————–
Attempted Delivery – CANADA 07/13/12 6:19pm
Item being held, addressee being notified

Attempted Delivery – CANADA 07/13/12 4:34pm
Item being held, addressee being notified

Attempted Delivery – CANADA 07/13/12 3:50pm
Item being held, addressee being notified

Addressee not CANADA 07/13/12 9:06am
available – Addressee advised to pick up the item


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Friday, 13 July 2012

10:03 – Another lab day today. As usual, I’ve saved the most obnoxious solutions for last. Stuff like concentrated acetic acid, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and so on. Very concentrated solutions of some chemicals are called “fuming”, as in “fuming nitric acid” or “fuming sulfuric acid”. No one talks about “fuming acetic acid” or “fuming ammonia” or “fuming hydrochloric acid” because the usual concentrations already emit noxious fumes, and those fumes are sufficient to knock your socks off. That’s one major reason I decided to include 6 M solutions of those chemicals in the kits. It would actually have been easier to provide standard concentrated versions–17 M acetic acid, 15 M ammonia, and 12 M hydrochloric acid–but the 6 M solutions are usable for our purposes and the fumes are a lot less obnoxious.

I also need to start getting solutions prepared for the forensics kits. Several of those are hazardous–three or four are basically concentrated sulfuric acid with minor additions–but at least none of them are particularly obnoxious in terms of fumes.


14:05 – I just made something I didn’t know existed: iodine syrup. I was making up three liters of IKI (iodine/potassium iodide) solution that’s 0.1 molar with respect to both iodine and iodide. That meant I needed 38.07 g of iodine and 49.80 g of potassium iodide.

Now, the thing is, iodine is almost insoluble in water. But in the presence of equimolar or more iodide ions, each iodine molecule bonds with an iodide ion to form a triiodide ion, which is extremely soluble in water. But the speed of dissolution depends on the concentration of the iodide ion. If I’d simply dissolved that 49.80 g of potassium iodide in about three liters of water, added the 38.07 g of iodine, and made up the solution to three liters, the iodine would have dissolved. Eventually. It might have taken literally a month to dissolve, but it would have dissolved.

But iodine dissolves very quickly in a concentrated iodide solution, the more concentrated, the better. Potassium iodide is extremely soluble. At room temperature, that 49.80 g of potassium iodide will dissolve in about 36 mL of water. So I weighed out 49.80 g of potassium iodide in a glass 250 mL beaker, added just enough DI water to dissolve the salt, and then added 38.07 g of iodine. As far as I could tell, the iodine crystals dissolved instantly. I say as far as I could tell, because the liquid in the beaker instantly turned an opaque black, so opaque that I couldn’t see any light through the liquid even holding the beaker up against an overhead fluorescent tube and looking through the bottom of the beaker and a couple centimeters of liquid.

If there’d still been iodine crystals in the bottom of the beaker, I wouldn’t have been able to tell. I tried tilting the beaker back and forth to see if any crystals were visible on the bottom of the beaker, but there weren’t. Still, on general principles, I kept swirling the beaker for a few seconds every minute for ten minutes or so. That’s how I discovered that there is such a thing as iodine syrup. The stuff was viscous, kind of like vegetable oil. Not surprising, I guess, with almost 90 g of solids dissolved in maybe 50 mL of water.

Finally, I decided to give it go, so I carefully poured the liquid into a 1 L volumetric flask, which was the largest I have. I was kind of expecting iodine crystals to reveal themselves in the bottom of the beaker, but there weren’t any. So I made up the solution to 1.0 L and transferred it to the storage container, adding two more 1 L flasks’ worth of water. My volumetric flasks are calibrated to-contain rather than to-deliver, but I know from previous tests that the flasks actually deliver about 999+ mL. So I added just enough water to the storage container to make it up to exactly 3.0 L, give or take a mL.

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Thursday, 12 July 2012

08:18 – Yesterday, I unplugged the Roku box and left it unplugged for an hour or two. When I powered it back up, the problem seemed to have resolved itself. We watched a couple of streaming episodes last nigh with no apparent problems.

Speaking of television, Barbara and I saw in the paper that our local NBC affiliate, WXII, is no longer on Time-Warner Cable as a result of a money dispute. We hadn’t even noticed. TWC replaced the WXII feed with a feed from an NBC affiliate in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, so no one would miss NBC network feeds. It still strikes me as bizarre that local TV affiliates can charge cable systems to carry their signal. That charge is of course passed on to cable subscribers in their bills, so they are being charged for something that they could watch over-the-air for free. It seems to me that the local affiliates benefit hugely from being on the cable systems; their ad revenues must be many times what they would be if only their OTA viewership was counted. So I think the cable systems should take a hard line: tell the local affiliate that the cable system won’t pay them a cent for carrying their signals, and if the local affiliates don’t like it, the cable system won’t carry their signals at all.

In reality, as I’ve said many times before, local network affiliates are an obsolete holdover from the days when networks needed local affiliates to put their signals on the air. With cable and satellite universally available, there’s no longer any need for local affiliates. The networks should simply provide their signals to the cable and satellite systems. The huge benefit to eliminating local affiliates is that it would free up a massive amount of RF spectrum that could be used for cell phones, wireless data, and so on. And, as I’ve also said repeatedly, the networks themselves are also obsolete. They’re middlemen, and the Internet has eliminated the need for them.


I’ve allocated today to making up solutions and filling bottles and doing some label redesign.

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